Gleaning Insights for Stem Cell Therapy in Treating Respiratory Diseases

 The use of stem cells in the treatment of lung diseases has a ton of potential. We expect to be able to go forward with additional evaluation of stem cells or regeneration medicine and other cell treatments in lung disorders as we understand further their therapeutic properties.

India is the fastest-growing economy in the world and the whole credit goes to revolutionary industrialization. But as per the saying "something good always seems to come from something bad" is true for anthropogenic pollution which is helping India to top the charts of most polluted countries in the world. With pollutions comes health risks especially respiratory illness. Respiratory diseases are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. As per the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) reports, about one-fourth of deaths worldwide due to respiratory illness occur in India. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Tuberculosis, Asthma, Pneumonia, Allergy, Emphysema, Cystic Fibrosis (CF), and Lung cancer are the most common respiratory illnesses killing millions per year.

Factors fuelling respiratory diseases

COPD is a common cause of mortality globally; affecting 251 million people and killing approximately 3.15 million people per year. COPD is considered to be the second biggest cause of death in India. There are secondary causes of respiratory illness also, like occupational risks (for e.g. emphysema in construction workers), chronic diseases affecting respiratory muscles (e.g. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ) seasonal allergies like asthma and pollution-related bronchitis, etc. patients suffering from chronic diseases like ALS are usually succumbed to respiratory failure due to muscle stiffness and difficulty in breathing.

Likewise, patients with cystic fibrosis develop respiratory illness, and the management of such patients becomes very difficult. Some worst scenarios require putting the patient on ventilation, which further increases the chances of becoming infected or acquiring hospital-associated pneumonia. Respiratory problems also add to an increased hospital stay, ventilator days, cost of treatment with almost less or no chances of easy recovery. The economic burden of respiratory disease is not different from any other calamity.

As per a study published in Lung India, the mean annual cost per patient was found to be US$637, which is increasing rapidly. Conventional treatments for respiratory illness usually include drugs, pumps, mechanical ventilation which are not only costly but put the patients at other health risks. In lower-income countries, treatment options are limited and restricted to medications only which do not assure recovery of the sufferers, and chances of relapses are usually very high due to poor medication adherence.

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